Mr.Smith和our new teacher这两个名词都可以做主语，our new teacher补充解释说明Mr. Smith，所以它就是Mr. Smith的同位语。在托福与雅思考试中，同位语并不是很多。并且，第二个单词往往会带有一个比较长的定语从句来补充解释说明第*个单词。例如.They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant.【解析】 在该句中，the gas-filled sac作the swim bladder的同位语，它们都是名词，并且the gas-filled sac后有一个后置定语从句来修饰。【答案】They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac [that helps most other fish remain buoyant].例如.A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta ― a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in thesouthern highlands.【解析】 在该句中，a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments作a delta的同位语，它们都是名词，并且a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments后有一个后置定语从句来修饰。【答案】A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta ― a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments [where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands].5.2.2 同位语从句同位语难也是主要难在同位语从句上。同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，属于名词性从句（可看往期介绍）。只不过这些可以跟同位语从句的名词是一些特定的抽象名词，news，idea，fact，suggestion等，例如，I heard the news that our team had won。值得注意的是，that连接名词性从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句。that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，这一点是that引导的从句是同位语从句还是定语从句的*大的区别。处理方法也如同定语从句的处理方法，但后面的从句成分完整，直接把该句分解为I heard the news和our team had won两个句子即可。例1.The incentive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge that many of their neighbors are profiting by using great amounts of water, and in the process are drawing down the entire region’s water supplies.【解析】 在该句中，同位语从句that many of their neighbors are profiting by using great amounts of water作抽象名词their knowledge的同位语。【答案】The incentive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge [that many of their neighbors are profiting by using great amounts of water], and in the process are drawing down the entire region’s water supplies.例2.The hypothesis that begging calls have evolved properties that reduce their potential for attracting predators yields a prediction: baby birds of species that experience high rates of nest predation should produce softer begging signals of higher frequency than nestlings of other species less often victimized by nest predators.【解析】 在该句中，同位语从句that begging calls have evolved properties that reduce their potential for attracting predators作抽象名词The hypothesis的同位语。【答案】The hypothesis [that begging calls have evolved properties that reduce their potential for attracting predators] yields a prediction: baby birds of species that experience high rates of nest predation should produce softer begging signals of higher frequency than nestlings of other species less often victimized by nest predators.注意这句话里的两个that引导的句子：that begging calls have evolved properties里that在从句里不作任何成分，只起到连接作用；that reduce their potential for attracting predators里that做从句的主语。这就是定语从句和同位语从句*大的区别。另外，在同位语从句里有一个特殊的语法现象：不像大部分的句子，主要的意思在主干里面。同位语从句的主干往往没有实质性的内容，*关键的信息反而是在从句之中，这一点要特别注意。例3：There is growing evidence in New Zealand that children from poorer socio-economic backgrounds are arriving at school less well developed and that our school system tends to perpetuate that disadvantage.【解析】该句主干为There is growing evidence in New Zealand。但是该句主干给出的意思相对比较少。主要意思在同位语从句that children from poorer socio-economic backgrounds are arriving at school less well developed and that our school system tends to perpetuate that disadvantage中，从句中给出的信息更详细，需要特别注意。【答案】There is growing evidence in New Zealand [that children from poorer socio-economic backgrounds are arriving at school less well developed and that our school system tends to perpetuate that disadvantage].初高中生英语考试长难句怎么学？今天关于同位语的长难句干货讲解大家get了吗？文章篇幅有限，关于比较结构的详细解说下期见哦，后续更多实用《雅思托福通用长难句解析方法》内容会持续更新，记得常来看看呀！如果想更系统地吃透英语长难句，可别错过蒲公英《托福与雅思精讲精练30天》 ！实体书+配套视频课+专属知识点练习解析答疑，一站式解决你的备考难题～有需要的小伙伴，联系课程顾问老师就能了解初高中生英语考试长难句具体信息啦！如果觉得本篇文章有用的话，欢迎点赞和转发给你身边需要的人呀~【雅思托福通用长难句解析方法】实体书+配套视频课+专属知识点练习解析答疑👇👇👇
