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从入门到精通：长难句补语怎么学？高考/四六级/雅思托福通用长难句解析方法揭秘！

2026-01-15

英语考试长难句怎么学？今天让我们走进补语怎么学？

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补语

补语的定义

补语是用来说明主语或宾语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，因为在英语中，有些动词加宾语后意思不完整，比如：make，ask，或find等。

举例：

we make our country：

这句话意思就不太完整，而需要说成：we make our country beautiful才比较完整。这个后面的补语beautiful一般会和它所作用的对象隐含着逻辑上的主谓关系，即country (对象为宾语) is beautiful的。

the wall was painted green

主语the wall和主语补足语也有着逻辑上的主谓关系，即the wall is green。

英语补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成分。因为有些动词跟了宾语不完整，比如*常见的是宾语补足语。

名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。

宾语补足语

在阅读中，主语补足语比较少，主要以宾语补足语的形式呈现，可以作宾语补足语的成分如下：

不定式(to do)

My father will not allow us to play on the street.

We believe him to be guilty.

We made him to copy the sentence.

He is made to copy the sentence.

名词

At the meeting we elected him monitor.

I name my dog Pit.

形容词

What you said made David angry.

I found the classroom empty.

课堂练习1

These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification.

课堂练习2

The invention of the container crane made it possible to load and unload containers without capsizing the ship, and the adoption of standard container sizes allowed almost any box to be transported on any ship.

副词

Please call the students back at once.

He was seen to take his cap off.

现在分词

We hear him singing in the hall.

I found him lying in bed, sleeping.

过去分词

He saw his face reflected in the water.

I heard it spoken of in the next room.

注意：补语虽然是6大结构之一，但是非常短，一般不构成理解障碍。大家能理解句子意思即可，千万不要纠结。

练习

划出下面长难句对理解有障碍的状语成分，并分解、处理、理解之。由于双逗号“S, XXX, VO.”和双破折号“S—XXX—VO.”里的插入语成分比较复杂，全部删掉也不影响主干意思，一般我们先跳过去读懂主干再回头看这些插入语。

因此插入语里的成分无论是状语还是定语还是同位语我们先不做划分。

单破折号“SVO—XXX.”后如果不是句子，一般也不划分语法成分。“SVO,XXX.”结构，XXX一般为伴随状语，如果有争议，并且XXX放后面其实并不妨碍理解，也不划句子成分。

1.Even though the fine arts in the twentieth century of ten treat materials in new ways, the basic difference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts remains relatively constant.

2.It would therefore not be too great an exaggeration to say that practitioners of the fine arts work to overcome the limitations of their materials, whereas those engaged in the applied arts work in concert with their materials.

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